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This commit is contained in:
Andreas Eversberg
2016-07-10 16:00:34 +02:00
parent b3b42e8bc4
commit ce86f62b11
20 changed files with 1229 additions and 227 deletions
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docs/a-netz.html
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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Only big cars could carry these units in their trunk.
It used full duplex radio link.
The call was placed by an operator.
After full deployment, there were 136 base stations with a sum of 317 radio transceivers.
A maximum of 10,784 subscribers were counted 1971. The basic charge was 65 German Marks (A1-Netz), 45 German Marks (A2-Netz / A3-netz).
A maximum of 10,784 subscribers were counted 1971. The basic charge was 65 German Marks (A1-Netz), 45 German Marks (A2-Netz / A3-Netz).
The German Federal Post Office then raised the price to 270 German Marks in 1972. Also the second mobile network (B-Netz) was deployed.
The number of subscribers decreased to 787 on shutdown in 1977.
</p>
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ How it works
<p>
1. Idle state
<br><br>
A base station transmits a continuous 2280 Hz idle tone on downlink channel.
A base station transmits a continuous 2280 Hz idle tone on down-link channel.
A mobile station detects this tone and indicates a green light.
If the channel is busy or unused in that area, the green light does not appear.
The user must switch channel using the dial.
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ The user must switch channel using the dial.
2. Call from mobile station
<br><br>
The mobile station will only seize the channel, if the green light is on, otherwise it is blocked.
When the user picks up the handset, the phone switches on its transmitter on uplink channel and transmits a continous 1750 Hz calling tone.
When the user picks up the handset, the phone switches on its transmitter on up-link channel and transmits a continuous 1750 Hz calling tone.
The base station receives this tone and turns off its 2280 Hz idle tone.
The mobile station detects the tone is missing and turns off its 1750 calling tone.
The the speech path is connected through to an operator.
@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ Because our 5th digit is 7, we find 442.5 Hz in group 1.
Because our 6th digit is 9, we find 622.5 Hz in group 2.
Because our 7th digit is 0, we find 787.5 Hz in group 3.
<br><br>
All these tones are sent simultaniously from the base station to the mobile startion.
All these tones are sent simultaneously from the base station to the mobile station.
The mobile stations has four detectors for the four frequencies.
If all four tones are detected by the mobile station, a yellow light and a buzzing sound is indicated.
There is no ringback indication from the mobile station to the base station.
When the user picks up the handset, the phone switches on its transmitter on uplink channel and transmits a continous 1750 Hz answer tone.
There is no ring-back indication from the mobile station to the base station.
When the user picks up the handset, the phone switches on its transmitter on up-link channel and transmits a continuous 1750 Hz answer tone.
The base station receives this tone and turns off the four paging tones.
The mobile station detects the tone is missing and turns off its 1750 answer tone.
The the speech path is connected through to the caller (or operator).
@@ -178,15 +178,15 @@ The the speech path is connected through to the caller (or operator).
<p>
4. Release by the mobile station
<br><br>
If the user hangs up, the mobile station transmits a continous 1750 Hz release tone.
The base station receives this tone and disconnects the call. It transmits the continous 2280 Hz idle tone.
If the user hangs up, the mobile station transmits a continuous 1750 Hz release tone.
The base station receives this tone and disconnects the call. It transmits the continuous 2280 Hz idle tone.
The mobile station receives this tone and turns off the transmitter.
</p>
<p>
5. Release by the base station
<br><br>
If the caller or the operator hangs up, the base station returns to idle. It transmits the continous 2280 Hz idle tone.
If the caller or the operator hangs up, the base station returns to idle. It transmits the continuous 2280 Hz idle tone.
The mobile station receives this tone and turns off the transmitter.
</p>
@@ -197,9 +197,9 @@ Setup of a base station
<p>
Now run your base station on channel 30.
Tune the transmitter to 162.050 MHz and the receiver to 157.550.
You should tune the receiver to 164.050 first, to check if you hear the idle signal from the base station.
Then tune to actually uplink frequency 157.550 MHz.
Tune the transmitter to 162.050 MHz and the receiver to 157.550 MHz.
You should tune the receiver to 164.050 MHz first, to check if you hear the idle signal from the base station.
Then tune to actually up-link frequency 157.550 MHz.
The actual level is not yet relevant.
(You may check the quality using '-L 2' command line option and build a radio loop by tuning the receiver to the transmitter.)
</p>
@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ Or if you can't increase the audio level on the transmitter, do it with 'alsamix
<pre>
dsp.c:150 info : Detecting continous 1750 Hz tone. (level = 137%)
dsp.c:150 info : Detecting continuous 1750 Hz tone. (level = 137%)
anetz.c:244 info : Received 1750 Hz calling signal from mobile station, removing idle signal.
dsp.c:133 info : Lost 1750 Hz tone after 0 ms.
anetz.c:256 info : 1750 Hz signal from mobile station is gone, setup call.
call.c:574 info : Incomming call from '' to 'operator'
call.c:574 info : Incoming call from '' to 'operator'
... after hangup...
dsp.c:150 info : Detecting continous 1750 Hz tone. (level = 141%)
dsp.c:150 info : Detecting continuous 1750 Hz tone. (level = 141%)
anetz.c:272 info : Received 1750 Hz release signal from mobile station, sending idle signal.
anetz.c:201 info : Entering IDLE state, sending 2280 Hz tone.
call.c:695 info : Call has been released with cause=16
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ call disconnected: hangup (enter h=hangup)
<p>
When you pick up the phone, the phone transmits a 1750 Hz calling tone.
On reception at the base station, the base station removes the 2280 Hz idle tone.
After that the call is establised.
After that the call is established.
After establishment, you can use the headset, if present, for speech communication with the phone.
On hangup, the phone transmit a 1750 Hz hangup tone.
Then the base station returns to idle again and sends the 2280 Hz idle tone.
@@ -253,18 +253,19 @@ Be sure that the phone turns off the transmitter and indicates the (green) light
<p>
Level adjustment:
We see a receive level of arround 140%.
Use the variable resistor (connecting your receiver) to reduce the volume until the level matches about 100% (+- 10%).
Then start the base station using '-L 2' option for loopback and tune receiver to the transmitter.
The base station generates a 1750 Hz test signal, just like the phone.
Use the other variable resistor (connecting your transmitter) to match the same level of your phone.
In this case it is the 100% you adjusted the receiver to.
Now, whatever frequency deviation the phone transmits at 1750 Hz, so does your base station.
We see a receive level of around 140%.
Then start the base station using '-L 2' option for loop-back and tune receiver to the transmitter.
The base station generates a 1750 Hz test signal, just like the mobile phone.
Use the variable resistor (connecting your transmitter) to adjust the volume until the received level matches the same level of your previously received signal.
In my case I adjust the transmitter to match around 140%. (+- 10% is good)
Now, whatever frequency deviation the mobile phone transmits at 1750 Hz, so does your base station.
Use the other variable resistor (connecting your receiver) to adjust the volume until the level matches about 100%. (+- 10% is good)
Switch back the receiver to up-link frequency and restart the phone.
</p>
<p>
To call to the phone, be sure that your transmitter transmits 'loud' enough to send the four paging sine waves.
The frequncy deviation should be between 11 and 15 KHz.
The frequency deviation should be between 11 and 15 KHz.
If transmitter limits the deviation, check if the limit can be adjusted up.
Alternatively a direct connection to the PLL is suggested.
</p>
@@ -274,18 +275,18 @@ Start the base station, if not running already.
Enter the last 5 digits of the phone's number and press 'd' to dial.
If you listen to the transmit signal, you should hear 4 low pitched tones at once.
They are quite loud, if you use the pre-empfasis inside your transmitter. (default)
The phone should now turn off the green light and indicate an incomming call with a yellow light and a buzzer sound.
There is no acknowledgement from the phone until you pick up the call.
If the phone does not indicate an incomming call, increase the volume of the transmit signal, but be sure not to overdrive it.
The phone should now turn off the green light and indicate an incoming call with a yellow light and a buzzer sound.
There is no acknowledgment from the phone until you pick up the call.
If the phone does not indicate an incoming call, increase the volume of the transmit signal, but be sure not to overdrive it.
Also be sure that you are actually dialing the right number, so the base station generates the correct paging tones for your phone.
</p>
<p>
Instead of transmitting all 4 tones at once, they can be transmitted after each other.
Each tone is playes for a short time.
Each tone is plays for a short time.
After the last tone has been played, base station starts again with the first tone.
My phone also responds to a call, even if the tones cycle rather than sent simultaniously.
In this case the level of each tone is two times highter (+3 dB), but the peak level is two times lower (-3 dB) than the peak level of 4 simultanious tones.
My phone also responds to a call, even if the tones cycle rather than sent simultaneously.
In this case the level of each tone is two times higher (+3 dB), but the peak level is two times lower (-3 dB) than the peak level of 4 simultaneous tones.
Add command line option "-P 50" to send each tone for 50 milliseconds.
Try something between 20-100 milliseconds, if the phone still doesn't ring.
Be sure to check: Does your transmitter has enough frequency deviation (15 KHz is suggested)? Do you really send the correct number of your phone, check the frequencies of your phone and use "-D 0" option to see what 4 frequencies the base station actually transmits.
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ Be sure to check: Does your transmitter has enough frequency deviation (15 KHz i
<p>
Detecting loss of carrier signal:
To automatically release the call, when the carrier signal gets lost, look at the B-Netz page.
It is the same priciple.
It is the same principle.
</p>
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